Qin unification strategy

  • Fan Ju

    Fan Ju (? – 255 BCE) was a prominent Chancellor of the State of Qin during the Warring States period. His courtesy name was Shu, and he was a native of Ruicheng in the State of Wei (modern-day Ruicheng County, Shanxi).

  • Fan Ju’s rise [Warring States]

    In the turbulent Warring States period, Fan Ju (later known as Zhang Lu) was a talented but lowly retainer in the household of Xu Gu, a minister of Wei. When King Xiang of Qi – newly restored after Tian Dan’s miraculous fire-bull victory – resented Wei for aiding Yan in the earlier invasion of…