Chinese mythology, folktales, and literature
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This chapter focuses on the dangers of excess and the wisdom of moderation. Lao Tzu questions the human pursuit of fame, wealth, and external validation (“Which is more harmful: gain or loss?”) and warns that overaccumulation invites ruin.
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The attachment to the self denote subjective obsession with an illusory ego. Liberation arises solely through relinquishing egoic attachment.