puppet emperor

  • Why did Liu Yu refuse the throne? [Three Kingdoms]

    In 191 AD, as the anti-Dong Zhuo coalition teetered on the brink of collapse due to internal rivalries and lack of unified command, Yuan Shao and Han Fu proposed a bold political solution: proclaim Liu Yu, Governor of Youzhou, as the new emperor.

  • The Political Symbiosis between Liu Xie and Dong Zhuo [Three Kingdoms]

    In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, the imperial court was mired in severe political chaos and decline. The central government saw a power struggle between three key forces: the eunuchs (who controlled the emperor and court affairs for decades, known as the “Ten Attendants” clique), the consorts’ families (relatives of empresses/empresses dowager who vied…

  • Was Emperor Xian really weak? [Three Kingdoms]

    Emperor Xian of Han (Liu Xie) has long been cast in the shadows of history and literature as a helpless puppet, a symbol of imperial decay and impotence. In both Romance of the Three Kingdoms and traditional historiography, he is often portrayed as a passive victim—first under Dong Zhuo, then Cao Cao, and finally…

  • Chapter 20. The Blooded Girdle Edict [Three Kingdoms]

    Chapter 20 of Romance of the Three Kingdoms presents a masterful study in political theater, veiled rebellion, and the fragile legitimacy of imperial authority during the twilight of the Eastern Han dynasty.

  • The seizure of the Han Throne by Cao Cao [Three Kingdoms]

    In 195 AD, the warlords Li Jue and Guo Si, former subordinates of Dong Zhuo, turned on each other in a brutal power struggle that plunged Chang’an into chaos. Amid the violence, Emperor Xian of Han, the young and powerless figurehead of the crumbling Han dynasty, became a pawn in their conflict.

  • The collapse of the Second Coalition[Three Kingdoms]

    After Dong Zhuo was assassinated by Wang Yun and Lü Bu, his former generals—Li Jue, Guo Si, Zhang Ji, and Fan Chou—stationed in Shan County east of Chang’an, were on the verge of fleeing in disarray, fearing retribution. It was the strategist Jia Xu who urged them to unite and strike back, warning that…