power usurpation

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 31.1

    This excerpt is the general outline of Han Feizi · Inner Congeries Part II. It summarizes the Six Subtleties, six insidious perils posed by ministers. Interlinked, these hazards form a complete causal chain from power erosion to state ruin.

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 21.8

    Han Fei states rulers must hold all power. Losing authority lets ministers usurp control, bringing ruin to the state.