posthumous title Wenzheng

  • Fan Zhongyan

    Fan Zhongyan (989–1052 CE) was a distinguished statesman, military strategist, and literary figure of the Northern Song dynasty. His courtesy name was Xiwen, and he was posthumously honored with the title “Wenzheng” – a mark of high moral and scholarly esteem. He was a native of Wu County, Suzhou (modern-day Suzhou, Jiangsu).

  • Sima Guang

    Sima Guang (1019–1086 CE) was a prominent statesman and historian of the Northern Song dynasty. His courtesy name was Junshi, and he styled himself Yusou (“Old Recluse”). Born in Sishui Village, Xia County, Shanzhou (in present-day Shanxi Province), he was widely known as “Master Suishui.”