political hierarchy

  • Mozi – Chapter 11

    This chapter elaborates Mohist “Conforming to Superiors”. It argues chaotic pre-civilization stemmed from conflicting moral standards, then outlines a merit-based hierarchical system unifying all judgments upward, ultimately aligning with Heaven to eliminate disasters.

  • Mencius – Chapter 10.2

    Mencius outlines the Zhou’s five noble ranks and six official grades, with matching land and salary tiers. Lost full records left only a rough outline. Its graded pay ensures scholars need not farm, forming a stable hierarchical system for orderly benevolent governance.