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In 311 BCE, during the eighth year of King Xiang of Wei’s reign, also known as King Ai of Wei, the state of Wei launched a full-scale invasion of the small kingdom of Wey. Wei’s forces swiftly captured two cities, and the Wey capital of Zhaoge trembled on the brink of collapse. King Si…
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Duke Wen of Jin was angered by Zheng’s “fence-sitting” diplomatic tendencies during the power struggle between Jin and Chu. Zheng had ostensibly submitted to Jin while secretly maintaining ties with Chu, a stance that deeply frustrated the Jin ruler.