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Laozi extended the doctrine of Wu Wei—embodying effortless action and natural harmony—into multiple spheres such as governing societies, educating communities, and navigating human relationships.
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The Dao operates spontaneously through wu wei (non-action), orchestrating all things with seamless natural order. Spiritual cultivation unfolds in three stages, mirroring the chapter’s axiom: “The Dao never acts, yet nothing is left undone”.