Oirat

  • The Defense of Beijing: Yu Qian and the Crisis of 1449 [Ming]

    Brief: This article recounts the 1449 Tumu Crisis: Emperor Yingzong was captured by Oirat forces after bad advice from eunuch Wang Zhen. Minister Yu Qian took charge, enthroned a new emperor, and led the heroic Defense of Beijing, repelling the invaders. He saved the Ming Dynasty but later faced political conflict between the two…

  • The Emperor’s Northern Star: Campaigns and the Move to Beijing [Ming]

    Brief: This article tells how the Yongle Emperor (Zhu Di) moved the Ming capital from Nanjing to Beijing for frontier defense. He personally led five northern campaigns against the Mongol tribes, built the Forbidden City, and dredged the Grand Canal. He ended the search for the missing Jianwen Emperor and died during his final…