This Later Mohist chapter develops utilitarian “weighing” ethics and formal logic. It defines righteousness as benefit, expounds universal love, distinguishes intent from outcome, and analyzes names, categories, and valid argument rules.
Chapter 42: Canons and Explanations (I) On Causality and Cognition “Gu” (Cause/Condition) is divided into Minor Cause and Major Cause. A Minor Cause is that which, if present, does not necessarily produce the effect, but if absent, the effect is impossible. It is like a part of a whole, or a point on a…