moral cultivation

  • The Analects – Chapter 16.5

    Confucius said, “There are three kinds of beneficial joys and three kinds of harmful joys. To take joy in regulating oneself through rites and music, to take joy in praising others’ virtues, and to take joy in having many worthy friends – these are beneficial. To take joy in arrogance, to take joy in…

  • The Analects – Chapter 16.4

    Confucius said, “There are three kinds of beneficial friends and three kinds of harmful friends. Friendship with the upright, friendship with the trustworthy, and friendship with the well-informed – these are beneficial. Friendship with the fawning, friendship with the insincerely agreeable, and friendship with the glibly eloquent – these are harmful.”

  • The Analects – Chapter 15.10

    Zigong asked Confucius, “How does one practice benevolence (humaneness)?”The Master replied, “If a craftsman wants to do his job well, he must first sharpen his tools. Likewise, when you reside in a state, serve those ministers who are virtuous, and befriend those scholars who are humane.”

  • The Analects – Chapter 15.4

    The Master said with a sigh, “You, Zhong You! Truly, those who understand virtue are few indeed!”

  • The Analects – Chapter 14.43

    Yuan Rang was sitting with his legs sprawled open, waiting casually for Confucius. The Master said, “When you were young, you showed no modesty or respect for elders; when you grew up, you achieved nothing worth mentioning; now that you are old and still refuse to die, you are nothing but a pest!” With…

  • The Analects – Chapter 14.23

    The Master said, “The noble person aspires upward toward the Way, virtue, and heavenly principle; the petty person sinks downward toward private gain, desire, and trivial concerns.”

  • The Analects – Chapter 14.10

    The Master said, “It is difficult to be poor without resentment; it is easier to be rich without arrogance.”

  • The Analects – Chapter 14.1

    Yuan Xian asked Confucius what constituted “shame.”The Master said, “When the state is well governed, it is right to draw a salary as an official; but when the state is poorly governed, to still draw a salary is shameful.”Yuan Xian then asked, “If someone can suppress competitiveness, boastfulness, resentment, and desire, can he be…

  • The Analects – Chapter 13.28

    Zilu asked, “What must one be like to be called a ‘shi’ (a morally cultivated scholar or gentleman)?”The Master said, “One who is earnest and mutually encouraging, yet also gentle and harmonious at home—such a person may be called a shi. Specifically, friends should be earnest and supportive of each other; brothers should be…