Chinese mythology, folktales, and literature
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Han Feizi warns rulers against using ministers to check each other, which fuels factions. He advocates strict law to curb power.
Han Feizi lists 47 signs of state ruin, from weak law to ministerial power. Rulers must use law to fix flaws and survive.
Han Feizi lists ten fatal ruler faults: petty loyalty, short-term greed, indulgence, ignoring advice, reckless diplomacy.
Han Fei stresses matching ministers’ words with deeds. Punish overreach and mismatched claims, enforce strict duties to stop cliques.