monarchical centralization

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 9.2

    An enlightened ruler, when dealing with his inner‑palace women, enjoys their beauty yet rejects their pleas and forbids private requests.

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 8.6

    To govern a state well, one must eradicate ministerial cliques. If cliques are not eliminated, they will gather followers. To manage land rewards properly, one must moderate grants. Without moderation, trouble‑makers will seek endless gains.