Ming Sizong

  • The Four Pillars of Ming Science [Ming]

    The Herbalist’s Legacy In ancient China, the term “scientist” did not exist, yet this did not mean science was absent. During the late Ming Dynasty, four great figures emerged, comparable to any in the world at the time. While the “Four Masters of Painting” (Shen Zhou, Wen Zhengming, Tang Yin, and Qiu Ying) were…

  • The Tragedy of the Loyal General: Yuan Chonghuan [Ming]

    The Emperor’s Commission and the Five-Year Promise Emperor Ming Sizong (Chongzhen) decided to entrust the entire defense of Liaodong and its surrounding regions to Yuan Chonghuan. He was generous with his authority, appointing Yuan as Minister of War and Left Chief Censor, granting him supreme command over military and administrative affairs in Ji Province,…