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In Haiqu County of Langya Commandery (modern-day Rizhao, Shandong), a low-ranking bailiff named Lü Yu refused to beat impoverished villagers who could not pay their taxes. For this act of compassion, the county magistrate accused him of colluding with “troublemakers” and executed him. His death ignited public outrage.
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Wu, originally a backward state, was able to rise rapidly largely due to the strong support of Jin. This was because Jin suffered a defeat in the Battle of Bi in 597 BCE. Jin then adopted the strategy of allying with Wu to jointly confront Chu. Consequently, Jin imparted considerable military technology to Wu,…