material foundation

  • Mencius – Chapter 14.10

    Mencius draws a parallel: ample wealth safeguards people through famines, while abundant inner virtue shields one from moral confusion amid chaotic, corrupt eras, highlighting spiritual cultivation as humanity’s lasting anchor.

  • Mencius – Chapter 13.23

    Mencius advocates light taxes and seasonal, moderate consumption to enrich people. If grain becomes as abundant as freely shared water and fire, material security will naturally foster benevolence among all common folk.

  • Mencius – Chapter 13.22

    Mencius praises King Wen’s benevolent governance centered on supporting elders. Fair land policies, sericulture and livestock farming secure seniors’ silk and meat. Wise rulers caring for the aged draw virtuous men to their realms.