Marquis Zhao of Han

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 43

    This Han Feizi ‑ Chapter 43 compares Shen Buhai’s shu (ruler’s art) and Shang Yang’s fa (law). It argues both are indispensable, yet neither thinker perfected them; mere military merit should not qualify one for administrative posts.

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 32.11

    This Han Feizi ‑ Chapter 32.11 Legalist section presents assorted historical anecdotes. It admits a ruler’s personal example has influence yet insists governance must rely on law, merit‑based rewards rather than moral posturing.

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 31.12

    This is Explanation Four from Han Feizi: Inner Congested Sayings, Part II. It collects cases where ministers fabricate anomalies for frame‑ups and private gains. These subtler cases create implausible oddities within official duties, prompting the ruler’s investigation to expose culprits or frame the innocent.