Liu Ji

  • Abolishing the Chancellorship and Purging the Generals [Ming]

    This article recounts how Ming Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang consolidated absolute power. He executed Chancellor Hu Weiyong, abolished the thousand-year-old chancellorship, and centralized rule under himself. He later purged top general Lan Yu and tens of thousands of founding officials, eliminating all threats to the throne and reshaping Ming politics completely.

  • Zhu Yuanzhang’s Ruthless War on Corruption [Ming]

    This article tells how Ming founder Zhu Yuanzhang, a former peasant, launched an extremely harsh anti‑corruption campaign. He set strict laws, used brutal punishments like skinning, and carried out large‑scale purges such as the Empty Seal Case and Guo Heng Scandal. Though he aimed to protect common people, his extreme terror caused massive injustice…

  • The Rise of Ming and the Flight of the Yuan [Song & Yuan]

    This article traces the fall of the Yuan Dynasty and the rise of the Ming. Plagued by court infighting, moral decay, and massive peasant uprisings, the Yuan collapsed amid chaos. Zhu Yuanzhang, a former peasant and monk, rose through strategic patience, unified southern China, and defeated rival rebels. In 1368, he founded the Ming…

  • The Battle of Kunyang [Eastern Han]

    This article records the legendary Battle of Kunyang. Liu Xiu led 9,000 defenders against Wang Mang’s 420,000‑strong army. A sudden storm turned the tide; the Xin army was destroyed. Though Liu Xiu won glory, his brother was executed by the Gengshi Emperor. He hid his grief and bided his time to restore the Han.

  • Liu Bang

    Liu Bang (256 or 247 BCE – 195 BCE), posthumously known as Emperor Gaozu of Han, was the founder of the Western Han dynasty and reigned from 202 to 195 BCE. His courtesy name was Ji, and he was from Pei County (in present-day Xuzhou, Jiangsu). He initially served as a minor local official…

  • The dilapidated official boats

    When Hu Li Zi was returning to his native home from the capital, the prime minister ordered his superintendent to see him off. “If you want to go by boat, choose whichever official boat you like,” he told Hu Li Zi.