Li Ru

  • The collapse of the coalition against Dong Zhuo [Three Kingdoms]

    Introduction: This article analyzes the rapid disintegration of the coalition against Dong Zhuo in 190 CE. It details how the initial unity of thirteen warlords at Suanzao crumbled under the weight of military defeats, dwindling supplies, and internal rivalries. While Dong Zhuo burned Luoyang and retreated to Chang’an, the coalition failed to mount a…

  • Li Ru in the novel and history [Three Kingdoms]

    In Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Li Ru is portrayed as a central and sinister figure—Dong Zhuo’s son-in-law and chief strategist, to whom the warlord turned for counsel on every major decision. Though historically obscure, Li Ru is elevated in the novel to the role of Dong Zhuo’s intellectual architect, shaping his rise, reign,…

  • The unraveled tassel [Three Kingdoms]

    In Chapter 8 of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Wang Yun, the loyal Han minister, devises a cunning plan to destroy the tyrant Dong Zhuo. At the heart of this scheme is Diao Chan, a beautiful courtesan in Wang Yun’s household.

  • Relocating the capital: The mandate of heaven or a desperate retreat? [Three Kingdoms]

    In the year 190 AD, Dong Zhuo deposed Emperor Shao and installed Emperor Xian, seizing absolute control of the imperial court. This act ignited outrage across the land. A coalition of eighteen warlords from the Guandong region(the region east of Hangu Pass), led by Yuan Shao as their nominal leader, formed a united army…

  • Why did Dong Zhuo move the capital? [Three Kingdoms]

    In Chapter 6 of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Dong Zhuo’s troops was defeated by Sun Jian. To reverse the battlefield setbacks, Dong Zhuo proposed a marriage alliance with Sun Jian. Dong Zhuo sent his senior general Li Jue to propose the marriage alliance, hoping to forge a political bond through kinship. Unexpectedly, Sun…

  • The top warrior among the Eighteen Warlords [Three Kingdoms]

    Romance of the Three Kingdoms often diverges from the history. For instance, in the episode where Guan Yu kills Hua Xiong while warming wine, historical records state that Guan Yu followed Liu Bei, who was then under Gongsun Zan. Gongsun Zan was busy fighting the Wuhuan in the north and did not participate in…

  • Cao Cao’s attempted assassination of Dong Zhuo [Three Kingdoms]

    In Chapter 4 of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the episode of Cao Cao’s attempted assassination of Dong Zhuo stands as one of the most pivotal and dramatic moments in the early narrative. This event not only establishes Cao Cao’s image as a courageous “loyalist and righteous hero” but also sets the stage for…

  • The politics of legitimacy: Li Ru’s strategy for Dong Zhuo [Three Kingdoms]

    In the second chapter of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, He Jin intended to exterminate the Ten Regular Attendants but hesitated due to indecisiveness. Despite repeated persuasions from his subordinates, he delayed taking action. Forced by circumstances, Yuan Shao suggested summoning local troops to the capital to eliminate the eunuch faction. Thus, He Jin…