Legalism

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 8.4

    Han Fei advises rulers to stay calm and neutral, verify ministers’ words and deeds, hide preferences, and enforce impartial rewards and punishments.

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 8.3

    Han Feizi links Daoist cosmology to rule: ruler embodies the supreme Dao, ministers handle deeds. Verify titles and deeds for harmony.

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 8.2

    Han Feizi stresses unity, title-deed checks, and tranquil rule. Rulers must reject personal wit, stay independent, and verify officials fairly.

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 8.1

    Han Feizi advocates hidden central power, ruler’s non-action, merit-based roles, and avoiding personal display to prevent manipulation.

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 7.3

    Han Feizi warns rulers: revealing likes/dislikes lets ministers manipulate you. Hide emotions, stay neutral to avoid deception and usurpation.

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 7.2

    Han Fei stresses matching ministers’ words with deeds. Punish overreach and mismatched claims, enforce strict duties to stop cliques.

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 7.1

    Han Feizi’s core rule: rulers must monopolize punishment and reward. Losing either lets ministers usurp power, endangering the throne.

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 6.5

    Han Fei stresses law as the impartial governance standard. It curbs ministerial encroachment, treats nobles and commoners equally, and secures supreme monarchical power.

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 6.4

    Han Feizi argues rulers cannot supervise all personally. Replace personal checks with laws, strict rewards and punishments to control officials and secure power.