When people think of Gongsun Zan in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, many immediately associate him with Liu Bei, as the two were classmates under the famed scholar Lu Zhi. Though their relationship was that of schoolmates, Gongsun Zan never achieved the same legendary status as Liu Bei—largely because Luo Guanzhong, the author…
In 192 AD, after Li Jue and Guo Si seized Chang’an, murdered Wang Yun, and captured Emperor Xian, they established control over the Sili region and eastern Liang Province(Liangzhou), effectively holding the Han central government hostage for the next four years. Though they nominally ruled in the emperor’s name, real power in the empire…
In a previous article, we revealed a historical truth often obscured by Romance of the Three Kingdoms: it was Qiao Mao, not Cao Cao, who first forged an imperial edict to rally the feudal lords against Dong Zhuo. When Han Fu, the Governor of Ji Province, received Qiao Mao’s proclamation, he agreed to support…