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Brief: This article tells the rise of the Lulin Heroes. Famine and Wang Mang’s harsh rule sparked a peasant rebellion led by Wang Kuang and Wang Feng. They won battles, allied with other rebels, and gained Han royal Liu Xuan as a leader. Their movement became the vanguard that toppled the Xin Dynasty and…
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Chapter 52 of Romance of the Three Kingdoms marks a critical turning point in the post-Red Cliffs era, as the Sun-Liu alliance begins to fray under the weight of competing ambitions.
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The popular saying – “Liu Bei borrowed Jing Province and never returned” – is deeply entrenched in Chinese folklore, largely due to the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Yet historical records tell a far more nuanced story. In fact, the very notion of “borrowing Jingzhou” is something of a misleading construct, if not a…
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Chapter 51 of Romance of the Three Kingdoms exposes the fragile nature of wartime alliances through a tale of military valor undone by political cunning. Fresh from the triumph at Red Cliffs, Zhou Yu engages Cao Ren in a fierce struggle for Nan Commandery (Nan Jun), only to see his hard-won gains snatched away…
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Was Lü Meng’s capture of Jing Province in AD 219 a betrayal of an ally? Some people argue that the Sun–Liu alliance effectively collapsed after the Xiang River Partition (circa AD 215), when Liu Bei and Sun Quan divided Jing Province along the Xiang River. However, primary sources from the Records of the Three…