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Introduction: This article tells the heroic tragedy of Zhou Chu. Once a local troublemaker, he reformed, slew the “three scourges,” and became a loyal Jin general. Sent to suppress a Di rebellion, he was betrayed by Prince Sima Rong—sent into battle with 5,000 men against 70,000. He fought to his last breath, a martyr…
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Brief: This article explores Emperor Wu of Jin’s tragic legacy. He shifted from frugality to decadence, ignored warnings, and chose his intellectually unfit son Sima Zhong as heir, sidelining capable Prince Sima You. His blind faith in royal kinship planted the seeds of the devastating War of the Eight Princes and Jin’s collapse.