imperial court

  • The Sage in the Chaos: The Story of Feng Dao

    This article re-evaluates Feng Dao, a Five Dynasties prime minister serving nine emperors, long condemned for disloyalty. It records his benevolent deeds aiding civilians amid chaos and cites his poems revealing his pragmatic creed: focus on good deeds rather than personal fame.

  • The Fateful Encounter: Cao Cao and Hua Tuo

    This article distinguishes historical facts from Romance of the Three Kingdoms fictions about Cao Cao and genius physician Hua Tuo. Ashamed of being a doctor, Hua Tuo lied to flee Cao’s service, leading to execution. Cao later regretted killing him when his son Cao Chong fell fatally ill.

  • Could Dong Zhuo prevent the rise of warlords? A historical analysis [Three Kingdoms]

    The early stages of the Three Kingdoms period were marked by intense political upheaval and military conflict, largely triggered by the actions – or misdeeds – of Dong Zhuo, a powerful warlord who rose to prominence after suppressing the Yellow Turban Rebellion. Possessing the largest army and commanding numerous renowned generals, Dong Zhuo held…

  • Dong Zhao’s strategic gambit: From Yuan Shao to Cao Cao via Zhang Yang [Three Kingdoms]

    In an earlier post, we discussed the defection of Dong Zhao from Yuan Shao. Before becoming a key architect of Cao Cao’s political ascendancy, Dong Zhao served under the powerful warlord Yuan Shao for several years and then served under Zhang Yang briefly.

  • Why Yuan Shao not to hold the Emperor hostage? [Three Kingdoms]

    In 195 AD, Emperor Xian of Han, having escaped the clutches of the warlords Li Jue and Guo Si in Chang’an, began a perilous journey eastward. After enduring months of hardship and displacement, he finally reached Luoyang in 196 AD. Though stripped of real power, the emperor remained the sole legitimate symbol of Han…

  • The collapse of the Second Coalition[Three Kingdoms]

    After Dong Zhuo was assassinated by Wang Yun and Lü Bu, his former generals—Li Jue, Guo Si, Zhang Ji, and Fan Chou—stationed in Shan County east of Chang’an, were on the verge of fleeing in disarray, fearing retribution. It was the strategist Jia Xu who urged them to unite and strike back, warning that…