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King Wu of Qin, still haunted by Zhang Yi’s earlier counsel to seize Han state. In 307 BCE, he launched a bold campaign. His general Gan Mao captured Han’s Yiyang city (in modern Henan), opening the path to the heart of ancient China.
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After the collapse of Su Qin’s Vertical Alliance (Hezong), a new threat emerged to Qin’s ambition: the alliance between Qi and Chu, the two most powerful eastern states. United, they could block Qin’s path to unification.
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Chapter 60 of Romance of the Three Kingdoms marks a decisive turning point in the novel’s geopolitical arc. With Cao Cao dominant in the north and Sun Quan entrenched in the east, the vast, fertile province of Yizhou (modern Sichuan) becomes the final prize for aspiring hegemonies.