This article reviews Huan Wen’s three futile Northern Expeditions for Eastern Jin. He conquered Cheng-Han and nearly took Chang’an but hesitated at critical moments. Court distrust and supply failures led to defeat. His ambition reshaped Jin politics, yet his dream of recapturing the north died unfulfilled.
There was a man surnamed Zhang in Henan Province whose ancestors were from Shandong. During the latter part of the Ming Dynasty, when Shandong was in wide-spread turmoil, his wife was captured and taken away by Manchu soldiers. After that, as Zhang often used to travel to Henan, he decided to settle down there.