Guan Zhong

  • Li Bai vs. Tao Yuanming on Solitary Drinking

    This essay contrasts Li Bai and Tao Yuanming’s solitary‑drinking poetry. Li Bai uses cosmic imagination to transcend loneliness; Tao seeks inner peace in quiet nature. It also analyzes Li Bai’s complex, contradictory attitudes toward Tao’s reclusive life.

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 30.10

    This excerpt is from Explanation Two in Han Feizi · Inner Congeries of Sayings I, elaborating on “Canon Two: Certain Punishment”. Deterrence lies not in cruelty but in the certainty of penalty. Only when violations bring unavoidable consequences can the law establish its inviolable authority.

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 30.3

    This excerpt is from “Canon Two: Inevitable Punishment” in Han Feizi · Inner Congeries of Sayings I. Han Fei holds that mercy poisons the rule of law. Unless penalties are certain – lawbreakers are caught and punished – decrees become hollow. Laws must gain inviolable authority through absolute certainty.

  • The Independent Spirit of the Strategist: Sun Tzu’s Wisdom on Choosing a Master

    This article interprets Sun Tzu’s view on strategists choosing lords. It highlights their independent spirit to pick wise rulers or leave incompetent ones, citing ancient figures. It also reflects the scholar-strategists’ philosophy of mutual selection in the Spring and Autumn Period.

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 23.26

    Han Feizi recounts Guan Zhong and Bao Shuya split to back rival Qi princes. After Xiaobai became Duke Huan, Bao recommended jailed Guan as premier. The tale proves talented people rely on trusted friends instead of self-promotion to thrive.

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 23.11

    Han Feizi records Duke Huan’s question about wealth’s limit. Guan Zhong compares wealth’s boundary to a riverbank: satisfaction sets wealth’s end, yet endless greed leaves people chasing riches without any natural cutoff.

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 22.16

    Han Feizi tells Guan Zhong followed an old horse and Xi Peng found water via ants. Wise men learn from nature and experience.

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 18.3

    Han Feizi rejects blind adherence to ancient ways. True governance needs bold reforms, even against public resistance, for long-term gains.

  • Guan Zhong

    Guan Zhong (?–645 BC) was a prominent statesman in the early Spring and Autumn period. His given name was Yi Wu, his courtesy name was Zhong, and he was a native of Yingshang. Initially serving under Prince Jiu, he was later recommended by his close friend Bao Shuya and appointed as a high-ranking minister…