Chapter 61 centers on the principle that “the greater must dwell below.” Through metaphors such as “a great nation, like a river or sea, positions itself humbly downstream” and “the feminine and yielding overcomes the masculine and forceful,” Laozi articulates a diplomatic philosophy rooted in humility and inclusivity. He argues that powerful nations should engage with smaller states through gentleness and modesty, resolving conflicts and building trust by “assuming a lower position.”
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