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The Collapse of Later Zhao and the Rise of Chaos After Shi Le died in 333 CE, his son Shi Hong briefly succeeded him – but real power lay with his ruthless nephew, Shi Hu. A seasoned general with a loyal army, Shi Hu forced Shi Hong to abdicate within two years. Declaring himself…
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From Nameless Slave to Warlord At the end of the Western Jin dynasty, chaos engulfed China. Borderland peoples – Xiongnu, Xianbei, Jie, Di, and Qiang – rose in rebellion, carving out kingdoms across the north. This era, later called the Sixteen Kingdoms, saw over twenty states emerge, many founded not only by non-Han groups…