Mencius stresses reverence in social exchanges and accepts ritual-compliant gifts, yet rejects stolen loot from murderers. He distinguishes criminal robbers from exploitative lords, explaining Confucius took office for three pragmatic reasons to gradually promote the Dao before departing.
After adopting favorable war plans, commanders should build favorable momentum. Sun Tzu defines momentum as flexibly adjusting tactics and making timely decisions based on existing advantages to support military operations.
Striving to get on in the world without keeping some distance from it is like trying to shake the dirt off your clothes while shrouded by dust, or like washing your feet in a mud puddle.
Chapter 55 teaches that true power arises from simplicity, naturalness, and harmony. It critiques humanity’s obsession with control and growth, urging a return to the infant’s wisdom: Live softly, trust innate rhythms, and let go of artificial striving.