Fang Xiaoru

  • Emperor Ming Yuzhen of the Great Xia Dynasty

    In the tumultuous late Yuan Dynasty, amidst widespread peasant uprisings, a charismatic leader emerged in southwestern China to establish a short-lived yet significant regime: the Great Xia. Its founder, Ming Yuzhen (1331–1366), holds a unique place in history as the only emperor to ever establish his capital in the mountainous city of Chongqing.

  • The Yongle Emperor’s Legacy: From the Burning Palace to the Treasure Ships [Ming]

    Brief: This article covers the Yongle Emperor (Zhu Di)’s reign. After taking the throne via civil war, he solidified power, built the Forbidden City and moved the capital to Beijing. He sent Zheng He’s treasure fleets to explore the Indian Ocean, expanded territory, and strengthened central rule, leaving a dramatic and far-reaching Ming legacy.

  • The Jingnan Campaign: A Dynasty Divided [Ming]

    Brief: This article narrates the Jingnan Campaign, a Ming Dynasty civil war. The young Jianwen Emperor tried to reduce feudal princes’ power, triggering rebellion by his uncle Zhu Di (Prince of Yan). After years of war, Zhu Di’s army captured the capital Nanjing, seized the throne, and reshaped the Ming dynasty’s future.