This Legalist section from Han Feizi ‑ Chapter32.8 presents multiple tales including the thorn‑tip monkey fraud. It argues rulers must test theories against real‑world outcomes, rejecting persuasive yet impractical empty rhetoric.
This Legalist excerpt from Han Feizi ‑ Chapter32.2 urges rulers to adopt practical utility as their judging standard. It condemns empty sophistry and hollow doctrines, stressing real results over mere verbal victories.