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In the state of Chu, the minister Qu Yuan had long warned against the treachery of King Zhaoxiang of Qin. He repeatedly urged King Huai of Chu to ally with Qi against Qin. But King Huai, swayed by the likes of Jin Shang (accepted bribes from Zhang Yi, prime minister of Qin) and Gongzi…
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During the reign of King Ping of Chu (r. 528–516 BCE), the state fell into moral decay. The king, easily swayed by flatterers, favored Fei Wuji – a cunning courtier who thrived on deceit.
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Feudal throne succession is a critical period of power transition. However, as it involves the transfer of supreme authority, it often triggers internal conflicts or even national instability. The root causes of such disasters typically lie in the tests of human nature under the allure of power, flaws in institutional design, or interference from…
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Duke Wen of Jin (Ji Chong’er), the 22nd ruler of the State of Jin during the Spring and Autumn period (reigned 636–628 BCE), is renowned as one of the Five Hegemons. His path to power was extraordinary, marked by nineteen years of exile before his dramatic return and eventual dominance over the central states.
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During the late Spring and Autumn period, Duke Xiang of Qi ruled with arrogance and recklessness. He bullied neighboring states and oppressed his own people, sparking widespread discontent – even within his own family.