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Introduction: This article reviews Huan Wen’s three futile Northern Expeditions for Eastern Jin. He conquered Cheng-Han and nearly took Chang’an but hesitated at critical moments. Court distrust and supply failures led to defeat. His ambition reshaped Jin politics, yet his dream of recapturing the north died unfulfilled.
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Introduction: This article recounts the fall of Western Jin and the founding of Eastern Jin. After Emperors Huai and Min were captured and killed, Sima Rui established Eastern Jin in Jiankang with Wang Dao’s support. The era’s famous saying “Wang and Ma rule together” emerged. Meanwhile, northern heroes Liu Kun and Zu Ti died…