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When news reached the state of Lu that Duke Huan of Qi had appointed Guan Zhong – once a prisoner of Lu – as his chancellor, Duke Zhuang of Lu was furious.
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During the late Spring and Autumn period, Duke Xiang of Qi ruled with arrogance and recklessness. He bullied neighboring states and oppressed his own people, sparking widespread discontent – even within his own family.
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According to historical records, notably the Zuo Zhuan (Zuo’s Commentary) and Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Duke Wu of Zheng (Zheng Wu Gong) had two sons with his wife Lady Jiang.