Duke Ping of Jin

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 37.4

    This Han Feizi ‑ Chapter 37.4 rejects Shu Xiang’s and Shi Kuang’s one‑sided arguments. It concludes hegemonic achievements stem from joint contributions: capable rulers must properly employ competent ministers for political success.

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 36.5

    This Han Feizi ‑ Chapter 36.5 critiques the well‑known Shi Kuang anecdote. It argues Duke Ping violated ruler‑principles and Shi Kuang breached ministerial etiquette, as ministers should remonstrate verbally instead of using physical force.

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 33.11

    This Han Feizi ‑ Chapter 33.11 Legalist passage assembles varied tales. It discusses official rank system, ministerial frugality-extravagance, and impartial talent recommendation separating public duty from private grudges.

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 32.10

    This Legalist excerpt from Han Feizi ‑ Chapter 32.10 gives multiple anecdotes. It illustrates that excessive honors for reclusive scholars erode farming and military strength, contributing to Zhongshan state’s downfall.

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 32.4

    This Legalist segment from Han Feizi ‑ Chapter 32.4 argues rewards and honors must follow legal standards. It criticizes over‑honoring reclusive scholars, warning they discourage farming‑fighting and harm state strength.

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 31.12

    This is Explanation Four from Han Feizi: Inner Congested Sayings, Part II. It collects cases where ministers fabricate anomalies for frame‑ups and private gains. These subtler cases create implausible oddities within official duties, prompting the ruler’s investigation to expose culprits or frame the innocent.

  • Mencius – Chapter 10.3

    Mencius states true friendship centers on virtue, free from status, age or power. He cites nobles and rulers treating virtuous men as equals, arguing genuine respect from lords means granting them political authority, balancing honoring superiors and worthy subordinates.

  • Zhé Chōng Zūn Zǔ (折冲樽俎)

    Basic Information Chinese Idiom: 折冲樽俎Pinyin: zhé chōng zūn zǔLiteral Meaning: Defeat enemy assault chariots over wine vessels and ritual utensils.Figurative Meaning: Defeat opponents and gain victory through diplomatic negotiations, instead of resorting to warfare.

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 23.35

    Han Feizi tells how a Chu guard bribed Jin’s Shu Xiang to rescue the king’s brother held in Qin. By threatening to build Huqiu’s ramparts, Jin pressured Qin into releasing the prince, winning generous gold from grateful Chu.