Chinese mythology, folktales, and literature
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Caigentan (菜根谭 in Chinese), often translated as Discourses on Vegetable Roots or Tending the Roots of Wisdom, composed in the late Ming Dynasty (c. 1590) by scholar-philosopher Hong Yingming (Zicheng), is a timeless classic of Chinese wisdom literature.
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In Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio: The Chivalrous Maiden, the relationship between the maiden and scholar Gu is complex and ambiguous — devoid of traditional “romantic love.” Their interactions orbit obligation, mission, and ethics, marked by restraint, detachment, and pragmatism rather than mutual affection.
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The nun Xuanji of Wenzhou, ordained during the Tang Jingyun era (710–711 CE), meditated in stone caves on Great Sun Mountain. One day she reflected: “Dharma-nature is inherently pure — why cling to stillness over noise?” She journeyed to meet Master Xuefeng.
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A famous Zen teaching states:“Before practicing Zen, mountains are mountains, rivers are rivers.While practicing Zen, mountains are no longer mountains, rivers no longer rivers. After mastering Zen, mountains are again mountains, rivers again rivers.”