contextual conduct

  • The Analects – Chapter 10.10

    When fellow townspeople held a communal drinking ceremony, Confucius would not leave until the elders leaning on staffs had departed. When the villagers performed the ‘nuo’ exorcism ritual (to drive away plague spirits), he put on his formal court robes and stood respectfully on the eastern host’s steps.

  • The Analects – Chapter 10.5

    When Confucius held the jade tablet (a ceremonial scepter used in diplomatic missions), he bowed slightly, appearing reverent and cautious, as if he could barely bear its weight. When raising it upward, his gesture resembled a bow; when lowering it, it was like offering something to another. His expression was solemn, almost tense, and…

  • The Analects – Chapter 10.2

    When at court, Confucius spoke with lower-ranking officials in a relaxed, forthright, and affable manner; with higher-ranking officials, he was respectful, upright, and measured in speech; and when the ruler was present, he appeared both reverently cautious and gracefully composed.