Compendium of Materia Medica

  • The Four Pillars of Ming Science [Ming]

    The Herbalist’s Legacy In ancient China, the term “scientist” did not exist, yet this did not mean science was absent. During the late Ming Dynasty, four great figures emerged, comparable to any in the world at the time. While the “Four Masters of Painting” (Shen Zhou, Wen Zhengming, Tang Yin, and Qiu Ying) were…

  • Compendium of Materia Medica

    Compendium of Materia Medica, Bencao Gangmu, is a monumental pharmacological treatise compiled by Li Shizhen of the Ming dynasty. The work comprises 52 volumes, organized into 16 divisions and 60 categories. It documents 1,892 medicinal substances, over 11,000 prescriptions, and includes more than 1,100 illustrations of medicinal materials.

  • Why do ghosts in Journey to the West like pumpkins?

    In Western Halloween traditions, pumpkins are carved into lanterns to ward off wandering spirits, symbolizing a fear or aversion to ghosts. Yet in Journey to the West, Chinese ghosts and underworld kings are depicted as fond of pumpkins—a curious contrast.