Mencius states true friendship centers on virtue, free from status, age or power. He cites nobles and rulers treating virtuous men as equals, arguing genuine respect from lords means granting them political authority, balancing honoring superiors and worthy subordinates.
Mencius explains Shun wept from sorrowful longing for his unloving parents. Though blessed with wealth, status and the whole realm, no worldly glory eased his pain. Great filial piety lies in lifelong heartfelt yearning for one’s parents.