Cao Shang

  • Licking Hemorrhoids

    This commentary covers the sharp satire from Zhuangzi ‑ Lie Yukou. Boasting Cao Shang flaunts royal‑granted carriages. Zhuangzi mocks him, suggesting his rewards stem from degrading flattery, valuing inner integrity over worldly status.

  • Why Fame Is a Trap and Freedom Is an Unmoored Boat

    This commentary on Zhuangzi ‑ Lie Yukou collects multiple fables. It warns of fame‑driven traps, criticizes worldly vanity, and advocates unforced naturalness, ending with Zhuangzi’s calm, unpretentious view toward death.

  • Chapter 32. Lie Yukou

    This page interprets Lie Yukou from Zhuangzi. Through fables, it warns against fame‑seeking and hollow ambition, satirizes worldly success, and advocates detachment. It ends with Zhuangzi’s famous rejection of lavish burial, accepting death as part of nature.