This Legalist excerpt from Han Feizi ‑ Chapter32.2 urges rulers to adopt practical utility as their judging standard. It condemns empty sophistry and hollow doctrines, stressing real results over mere verbal victories.
This commentary on Zhuangzi ‑ Rang Wang gathers fables stressing valuing innate life above kingship and wealth. It also notes textual tensions: some tales celebrate moral suicide, conflicting with its core cherish‑life theme.
This Zhuangzi ‑ Rang Wang collects fables of hermits rejecting thrones, rank and wealth. It advocates cherishing one’s inner life above worldly power, holding politics as secondary to personal spiritual cultivation.