Sun Wukong, the main character in Journey to the West, has several names and titles, including Monkey King, Great Sage Equal to Heaven, Handsome Monkey King, Heaven-born Stone Monkey, Bi Ma Wen, etc. Find out why his name is Sun and what his name Wukong means. Today, we will talk about his titles and status in the novel, is Wukong the Monkey King or Monster and why he constantly labels others as “Demons” in the journey?
The Fluid Identity of Sun Wukong
In Journey to the West, Sun Wukong’s status evolves dynamically:
At birth, the Jade Emperor deemed him a “creature below,” born of Heaven and Earth’s essence — essentially a demon or spirit.
During his rebellion against the Dragon Kings and Underworld, Heaven classified him as an immortalized demon or demon monkey.
After receiving an official celestial post and celestial registry, he transitioned to immortal status.
Upon gaining the title Great Sage Equaling Heaven, respectful immortals addressed him as “Great Sage.”
Confrontations on the Journey West
Most demons encountered during the pilgrimage, due to conflicting interests, refused to acknowledge his status. Vulgar demons mocked him as “monkey” or “Bimawen” (Keeper of Heavenly Horses). Facing such insults, the prideful Heavenly Immortal — backed by his unparalleled skills and powerful allies — naturally retaliated with disdain. To him, calling them “demons” was a restrained response.
Psychological Underpinnings
This behavior also stems from subconscious awareness: Wukong’s scripture-seeking mission is a process to redeem past sins through merit. Poor performance could permanently relegate him to demon-immortal status.
Thus, labeling adversaries as “demons” serves dual purposes:
- It aligns with his defiant character.
- It subconsciously reminds him to stay vigilant — urging him to complete the quest, achieve perfect virtue, attain true enlightenment (achieve buddhahood), and fully transcend his demonic past.
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