Three Kingdoms

  • Why Sun Ce should not kill Yu Ji? [Three Kingdoms]

    Sun Ce’s execution of the revered Daoist healer Yu Ji is often remembered in Romance of the Three Kingdoms as a tale of supernatural retribution—but historically, it was a grave political miscalculation rooted in impulsiveness, insecurity, and a failure to understand soft power. Far from eliminating a threat, Sun Ce’s public killing of Yu…

  • Why did Sun Ce execute Yu Ji? [Three Kingdoms]

    The execution of Yu Ji, the so-called “living immortal” of Jiangdong, by the young warlord Sun Ce stands as one of the most enigmatic and symbolically rich episodes in Romance of the Three Kingdoms. While the novel dramatizes the event with supernatural overtones—ghostly apparitions, cursed mirrors, and divine retribution—the historical roots reveal a more…

  • Chapter 29. The fall of a Young Warlord – Sun Ce [Three Kingdoms]

    Compared to Records of the Three Kingdoms, the vivid and dramatic episodes in Romance of the Three Kingdoms are often more story-driven, legendary, and may even carry a touch of myth.

  • The tragic fate of Pei Yuanshao [Three Kingdoms]

    In the vast tapestry of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Pei Yuanshao appears only briefly—yet his fleeting arc encapsulates a profound theme: the difficulty of escaping one’s past in an era defined by rigid loyalties and violent reckonings.

  • Two minor characters: Guo Chang and His Son [Three Kingdoms]

    Though appearing only once in Chapter 28 of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the brief episode involving Guo Chang and his wayward son serves far more than a passing narrative function. This seemingly minor interlude not only deepens Guan Yu’s characterization as a paragon of righteousness and mercy, but also offers a microcosm of…

  • Unraveling Liu Bei’s true identity [Three Kingdoms]

    Popular narratives—especially in Romance of the Three Kingdoms—paint Liu Bei as a humble, impoverished descendant of the Han imperial house who sold straw mats and sandals before rising to found Shu Han. Yet close examination of historical clues and logical inconsistencies reveals a more complex reality. Was Liu Bei truly a penniless commoner? Or…

  • Was Liu Bei’s imperial lineage fabricated? [Three Kingdoms]

    The question of whether Liu Bei’s claim to Han imperial descent was genuine has intrigued skeptics for centuries. While popular culture sometimes casts doubt on his royal status—suggesting it was a convenient fabrication—both historical evidence and sociopolitical logic strongly support its authenticity.

  • Liao Hua’s odyssey back to Shu State [Three Kingdoms]

    Though Romance of the Three Kingdoms introduces Liao Hua in Chapter 27 as a former Yellow Turban bandit, historical records paint a starkly different—and far more distinguished—portrait.

  • Northern Expedition Memorial by Zhuge Liang [Three Kingdoms]

    The Chu Shi Biao, or “Memorial on the Northern Expedition,” is a letter written by Zhuge Liang, the chancellor of the Shu Han kingdom, to the young emperor Liu Shan before his first military campaign against the rival Wei state.