Han Feizi rejects divination and astrology. Using Yan-Zhao-Qin wars, he argues state fate hinges on governance, not superstition.
Han Feizi advises rulers to hold ministers accountable for both speech and silence, reject empty projects, and prioritize net gains.
Han Feizi argues self-interest drives all. Even wives and heirs may plot a ruler’s death. Rulers must enforce strict law and guard close allies.
Han Feizi warns rulers that trusting family – wives, sons – leads to control. Loyalty is rare; self-interest drives all.
Han Feizi identifies three usurpation risks: open, affair-based, punishment-based. Strong safeguards block them, securing royal power.
Han Feizi lists 47 signs of state ruin, from weak law to ministerial power. Rulers must use law to fix flaws and survive.