• Mozi – Chapter 9

    This second chapter on exalting worthies reinforces meritocracy as core governance. Mozi puts forward three empowerment essentials, cites sage kings’ promotion of humble talents and tyrants’ nepotism failures, and takes Heaven’s impartiality as his theoretical basis.

  • Mozi – Chapter 8

    This Mohist chapter centers on exalting worthy talents as the core of governance. Mozi advocates meritocracy, promoting capable men regardless of humble origins, backed by sage kings’ precedents. He argues enriching and empowering virtuous officials brings national wealth, population growth and stability.

  • Mozi – Chapter 7

    This chapter records a debate between Mozi and Cheng Fan on music. Mozi argues elaborate court music worsens governance; sage kings only kept minimal music, as grand musical indulgence wastes resources and distracts rulers from state duties.

  • Mozi – Chapter 6

    This Mohist chapter advocates moderation in five spheres: housing, clothing, food, transport and concubines. Sage kings prioritized practical utility, while contemporary rulers’ extravagant ornamentation drains labor and wealth, triggering poverty, social unrest and population decline.

  • Mozi – Chapter 5

    Mozi’s Chapter Five expounds seven fatal state perils. It stresses food reserves, weapons and city defenses as core national safeguards, advocates frugality in famines, and cites sage kings and tyrants to prove adequate preparation determines a regime’s survival.

  • Mozi – Chapter 4

    Mozi argues that objective, universal standards are necessary for any successful endeavor, from artisanal craftsmanship to statecraft. He rejects subjective or flawed human standards (parents, teachers, rulers) in favor of the absolute, impartial standard of Heaven.