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Duke Huan of Qi
Duke Huan of Qi was one of the most famous overlords in China’s Spring and Autumn Period (770–476 BC). He became the ruler of the State of Qi at a young age. He was open‑minded and willing to accept good advice. He appointed a wise prime minister named Guan Zhong and trusted him fully.…
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Han Feizi – Chapter 9.4
Han Feizi advocates merit-based appointments. Favoritism and selling offices breed corruption, demoralize talent, and ruin states.
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Han Feizi – Chapter 9.3
Han Feizi argues rulers must reject foreign control. Submission weakens sovereignty, lets ministers collude abroad to usurp power.
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Han Feizi – Chapter 9.2
Han Feizi outlines ruler’s defenses: control court/kin, monopolize favors, verify speech, regulate warriors, rule by law.