• Cao Cao’s Lineage: Cao or Xiahou? [Three Kingdoms]

    In Romance of the Three Kingdoms, after Cao Cao’s failed assassination attempt on Dong Zhuo, he fled Luoyang. As he passed through Zhongmu County, the warrant for his arrest issued by Dong Zhuo had already arrived. Although Cao Cao was captured, the county magistrate Chen Gong secretly released him. Cao Cao hurried back to…

  • Lü Boshe Incident between History and Fiction [Three Kingdoms]

    Luo Guanzhong, author of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, crafted a dramatic “assassination attempt against Dong Zhuo” specifically to highlight Cao Cao’s boldness, cunning, and adaptability. Although unsuccessful, Cao Cao’s spirit in attempting to eliminate a traitor for the nation is highly commendable.

  • Cao Cao’s Stigma and Springboard [Three Kingdoms]

    While later generations often portray Cao Cao as a self-made man, his family background and clan support were indispensable factors in his success. Records of the Three Kingdoms document his lineage, whereas Romance of the Three Kingdoms’ narrative downplays this influence. Modern studies highlight that his familial ties and clan networks were among the…

  • How Yuan Shao’s summoning of Dong Zhuo led to chaos? [Three Kingdoms]

    Following the death of Emperor Ling of Han, military authority within the imperial court was effectively controlled by General-in-Chief He Jin. Originally a butcher by trade, He Jin unexpectedly rose to power after his sister entered the imperial palace. As his entire family rose to prominence, He Jin became the General-in-Chief, establishing himself as…

  • Yuan Shao’s Opposition to Dong Zhuo [Three Kingdoms]

    Dong Zhuo’s entry into Luoyang stands as one of the most pivotal events in Eastern Han history, fundamentally altering the course of the dynasty.

  • The Political Symbiosis between Liu Xie and Dong Zhuo [Three Kingdoms]

    In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, the imperial court was mired in severe political chaos and decline. The central government saw a power struggle between three key forces: the eunuchs (who controlled the emperor and court affairs for decades, known as the “Ten Attendants” clique), the consorts’ families (relatives of empresses/empresses dowager who vied…