• Mozi – Chapter 39

    This chapter fiercely refutes Confucianism. It criticizes hierarchical mourning, fatalism, empty rituals and Confucian hypocrisy, and accuses Confucius of political scheming and inconsistent conduct, dismissing his doctrines as harmful to state welfare.

  • The Rebellion of Bai Gongsheng

    This text narrates Bai Gongsheng’s 479 BC Chu rebellion. Stemming from King Ping’s crime against his crown prince, Lord Bai sought revenge, seized the capital, yet was defeated by Lord Ye, revealing deep royal clan rifts.

  • Mozi – Chapter 37

    This final anti-fatalism chapter reaffirms Mozi’s three truth tests. It argues fate makes all groups idle, triggering poverty and chaos, citing ancient texts to prove fatalism is a false excuse invented by wicked rulers and lazy masses.

  • Mozi – Chapter 36

    This chapter continues refuting fatalism with Mozi’s three criteria. No one witnesses fate; chaos or order hinges on rulers’ policies. Ancient texts label fatalism an excuse for tyrants and lazy folks, a harmful fallacy to reject.

  • Mozi – Chapter 35

    This chapter refutes fatalism via Mozi’s Three Tests of truth. It argues fate excuses laziness and tyranny, citing sage kings’ virtuous rule and tyrants’ reckless ruin to prove human effort shapes fortune and order.

  • Mozi – Chapter 32

    This chapter advances Mozi’s utilitarian critique of royal music. It argues music drains public funds, pulls labor from farming and governance, and fails to ease hunger or end wars, citing ancient edicts to demand a ban on extravagant musical performances.