• Mozi – Chapter 18

    Chapter 18: Condemning Offensive War – Part II Master Mozi said: “When the ancient princes and high officials governed their states, they sincerely desired that their reputations be carefully examined, their rewards and punishments be appropriate, and their penal administration be free from error…” Therefore, Master Mozi said: “The ancients had a saying: ‘If…

  • Mozi – Chapter 17

    This chapter denounces aggressive wars. By escalating crimes from petty theft to mass killing, Mozi exposes people’s moral hypocrisy: they condemn minor crimes yet glorify invasive warfare as righteous, lacking clear justice judgment.

  • Mozi – Chapter 16

    This final Universal Love chapter refutes critics, contrasting biased partiality with impartial universal love. It uses hypothetical rulers, ancient sage records and reciprocal virtue to prove universal love practical, the only path to social peace.

  • Mozi – Chapter 15

    This chapter defends universal love against doubters. It uses rulers’ power to shape conduct as evidence, cites Yu, King Wen and King Wu to prove equal mutual love is workable, the sole cure for wars and all social harms.

  • Mozi – Chapter 14

    This opening chapter on Universal Love diagnoses all social chaos as stemming from selfish partiality. It argues impartial equal love for all would end strife, theft and wars, thus bringing universal peace and orderly governance.

  • Mozi – Chapter 13

    This final chapter on Identification with the Superior stresses unified moral standards as the root of good governance. It outlines a clan-to-emperor reporting system, cites ancient texts, and affirms the doctrine as the essential key to national order.