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Han Feizi – Chapter 4.2
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In ancient times, the fall of King Zhou of Shang and the decline of the Zhou royal house both resulted from excessive power held by feudal lords. The partition of Jin and the usurpation of Qi were both caused by ministers growing too wealthy and powerful. The regicides in Yan and Song all followed…
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A “Liberation” That Became a Nightmare: The Qi Invasion of Yan
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Introduction: This article explains the 314 BC Qi invasion of Yan during China’s Warring States Period. Qi seized Yan in 50 days as locals welcomed them as liberators from civil war. But Qi’s looting and cruelty turned public anger. Facing diplomatic pressure and rebellion, Qi withdrew. The disaster led to Yan’s revival under King…
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The Abdication that Almost Destroyed a Kingdom: Zizhi Rebellion
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Introduction: In the ruthless arena of the Warring States, where strength was the only law, King Kuai of Yan committed a fatal error: he tried to be a saint. Blinded by the allure of ancient virtue, he attempted to abdicate his throne to his scheming minister, Zizhi, hoping to emulate legendary sages. Instead of…
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Han Feizi – Chapter 3.1
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It is not that I, Han Fei, find speaking difficult in itself. The true difficulty lies in this: If my words are smooth‑flowing, elegant and elaborate, I am deemed flashy yet insubstantial. If I am sincere, respectful, upright and prudent, I am considered clumsy and illogical. If I speak extensively with numerous citations and…