• Mozi – Chapter 37

    This final anti-fatalism chapter reaffirms Mozi’s three truth tests. It argues fate makes all groups idle, triggering poverty and chaos, citing ancient texts to prove fatalism is a false excuse invented by wicked rulers and lazy masses.

  • Mozi – Chapter 36

    This chapter continues refuting fatalism with Mozi’s three criteria. No one witnesses fate; chaos or order hinges on rulers’ policies. Ancient texts label fatalism an excuse for tyrants and lazy folks, a harmful fallacy to reject.

  • Mozi – Chapter 35

    This chapter refutes fatalism via Mozi’s Three Tests of truth. It argues fate excuses laziness and tyranny, citing sage kings’ virtuous rule and tyrants’ reckless ruin to prove human effort shapes fortune and order.

  • Mozi – Chapter 32

    This chapter advances Mozi’s utilitarian critique of royal music. It argues music drains public funds, pulls labor from farming and governance, and fails to ease hunger or end wars, citing ancient edicts to demand a ban on extravagant musical performances.

  • Mozi – Chapter 31

    This chapter argues ghosts exist and reward virtue while punishing evil. It cites recorded ghost vengeance cases, sage-kings’ sacrificial rituals and ancient texts, holding belief in spirits vital to curb crimes and restore social order.

  • Mozi – Chapter 28

    This chapter holds Heaven’s will the absolute moral gauge. It criticizes people’s moral double standard: punishing petty crimes yet glorifying interstate wars, and stresses universal love as the only righteous path conforming to Heaven.