• The Analects – Chapter 17.3

    This passage follows the prior chapter on human nature. Confucius states only supreme wise men and extreme fools stay unaltered. Most people’s natures can be shaped by education and surroundings, stressing the vital role of learning and moral cultivation for ordinary folks.

  • The Analects – Chapter 17.2

    This excerpt quotes Confucius’ line: human natures are similar at birth, yet diverge greatly through habits and surroundings. Unlike Mencius or Xunzi’s fixed human-nature theories, it highlights nature’s plasticity, laying the foundation for equal, universal Confucian education and moral cultivation.

  • The Analects – Chapter 17.1

    This passage recounts Yang Huo’s etiquette trap to force Confucius into office: sending a steamed piglet, then cornering him with Ren (benevolence), wisdom, and “time waits for no one.” It reveals Confucius’ moral dilemma between avoiding a usurper minister and his enduring ideal of practicing the Way (Dao) to save the world.

  • The Sage in the Chaos: The Story of Feng Dao

    This article re-evaluates Feng Dao, a Five Dynasties prime minister serving nine emperors, long condemned for disloyalty. It records his benevolent deeds aiding civilians amid chaos and cites his poems revealing his pragmatic creed: focus on good deeds rather than personal fame.

  • The Fateful Encounter: Cao Cao and Hua Tuo

    This article distinguishes historical facts from Romance of the Three Kingdoms fictions about Cao Cao and genius physician Hua Tuo. Ashamed of being a doctor, Hua Tuo lied to flee Cao’s service, leading to execution. Cao later regretted killing him when his son Cao Chong fell fatally ill.

  • Art of War Chapter – 9.5

    This passage talks about army management: earn soldiers’ trust before punishment, yet enforce rules after gaining loyalty. Balance benevolent guidance and strict discipline. Consistent daily execution of orders builds harmony and obedient troops for guaranteed victory.