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Mozi – Chapter 39
This chapter fiercely refutes Confucianism. It criticizes hierarchical mourning, fatalism, empty rituals and Confucian hypocrisy, and accuses Confucius of political scheming and inconsistent conduct, dismissing his doctrines as harmful to state welfare.
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The Rebellion of Bai Gongsheng
This text narrates Bai Gongsheng’s 479 BC Chu rebellion. Stemming from King Ping’s crime against his crown prince, Lord Bai sought revenge, seized the capital, yet was defeated by Lord Ye, revealing deep royal clan rifts.