• Mozi – Chapter 12

    This second chapter on Identification with the Superior expands its hierarchical system, requiring citizens to report deeds. It contrasts virtuous ancient meritocratic rulers with nepotistic contemporary ones, stressing alignment with Heaven as the core of stable governance.

  • Mozi – Chapter 11

    This chapter elaborates Mohist “Conforming to Superiors”. It argues chaotic pre-civilization stemmed from conflicting moral standards, then outlines a merit-based hierarchical system unifying all judgments upward, ultimately aligning with Heaven to eliminate disasters.

  • Mozi – Chapter 10

    Chapter Ten (Exalting the Worthy III) continues Mohist meritocracy. Mozi criticizes rulers who value kin or looks over talent, uses archery analogies, cites sage kings, and stresses elevating capable commoners to enrich, stabilize and unify the realm.

  • Mozi – Chapter 9

    This second chapter on exalting worthies reinforces meritocracy as core governance. Mozi puts forward three empowerment essentials, cites sage kings’ promotion of humble talents and tyrants’ nepotism failures, and takes Heaven’s impartiality as his theoretical basis.

  • Mozi – Chapter 8

    This Mohist chapter centers on exalting worthy talents as the core of governance. Mozi advocates meritocracy, promoting capable men regardless of humble origins, backed by sage kings’ precedents. He argues enriching and empowering virtuous officials brings national wealth, population growth and stability.

  • Mozi – Chapter 7

    This chapter records a debate between Mozi and Cheng Fan on music. Mozi argues elaborate court music worsens governance; sage kings only kept minimal music, as grand musical indulgence wastes resources and distracts rulers from state duties.