• Xuanzang’s Journey West

    The Imperial Welcome and the Monk’s Vow Following the death of his trusted advisor Wei Zheng, Emperor Taizong of Tang found solace in a piece of joyful news: the monk Xuanzang, who had departed for India (Tianzhu) years earlier to seek Buddhist scriptures, was finally returning.

  • The Upright Minister: Wei Zheng

    Pacifying Hebei with Integrity In the early days of his reign, Emperor Taizong of Tang appointed Wei Zheng, a former Daoist, rebel, and advisor to his deceased rival Li Jiancheng, as a Remonstrance Official. Recognizing Wei Zheng’s familiarity with the region, Taizong sent him to Hebei to pacify officials who had served under Li…

  • Bi Gan

    Bi Gan (c. 11th century BCE) was a prominent royal kinsman and high minister during the late Shang dynasty, traditionally regarded as King Zhou of Shang’s uncle (some sources say half-brother). He served as Shaoshi—a position akin to prime minister—and was renowned for his unwavering loyalty, integrity, and fearless remonstrance.

  • Reflections in Peace: The Dawn of the Zhenguan Reign

    Healing the Wounds of Succession In 626 AD, at the age of twenty-seven, Li Shimin ascended the throne as Emperor Taizong of Tang. Having seized power through a violent coup, he was acutely aware of the potential stigma of usurpation that could tarnish his legacy in the eyes of future historians. Determined to secure…

  • The Arrow Duel at the Xuanwu Gate Incident

    The Shadow of Succession After Emperor Gaozu of Tang ascended the throne, he appointed his eldest son, Li Jiancheng, as Crown Prince; his second son, Li Shimin, as the Prince of Qin; and his fourth son, Li Yuanji, as the Prince of Qi. While this arrangement followed traditional primogeniture, it created a fundamental conflict.…

  • Unifying the Realm: The Campaigns of the Early Tang

    Securing the West and the North Upon ascending the throne, Emperor Gaozu of Tang found himself ruling a fragmented empire. Numerous warlords had declared themselves emperors, and true sovereignty required their subjugation. The immediate threat in the west was Xue Ju, the self-proclaimed emperor of Jincheng (modern Lanzhou). Although Xue Ju died of illness,…